Page 3 - বাংলাদেশের ইতিহাস ও বিশ্বসভ্যতা
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evsjvG`Gki BwZnvm I wek¼mfÅZv  mvGRkbwfwîK ‰ÝKÑzwmf gGWj: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK                 3

                                                           ˆmU-2
                                                evsjvG`Gki BwZnvm I wek¼mfÅZv      welq ˆKvW :   1   5   3
                 mgq-2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbU;                  m†Rbkxj cÉk²                                  gvb: 70
                    [`ËÓ¡eÅ : Wvb cvGki msLÅv cÉGk²i cƒYÆgvb ævcK| cÉ`î DóxcKàGjv gGbvGhvMmnKvGi co ‰es mswkÏÓ¡ cÉGk²i Dîi `vI| ˆh ˆKvGbv mvZwU cÉGk²i Dîi w`GZ nGe|]
              1. 1971 mvGj `xNÆ bq gvm hy«¬ KGi ‰G`k Õ¼vaxb nq| civaxbZvi k†›Lj  K.  BDGivcxq  ˆ`kmgƒn  mgy`ËcG^  fviZxq  DcgnvG`Gk  Avmvi  RbÅ
              fvãGZ ‰G`Gk eü weG`Ëvn  AvG±`vjb msNwUZ  nq|  DcwbGewkK hyGM ‰es   Awfhvb ÷i‚ KGi ˆKb?       1
              cvwKÕ¦vwb kvmb AvgGj evOvwj eüevi ˆkvlY wbhÆvZGbi cÉwZev` KGiGQ| gv^v  L.  Ij±`vRiv ZvG`i mKj evwYRÅGK±`Ê àwUGq fviZelÆ ZÅvM KiGZ evaÅ
              DuPz KGi AvñmÁÃvb wbGq euvPvi cÉGPÓ¡v ‰G`kevmxi kZ kZ eQGii| ZvB ˆZv   nb ˆKb?               2
              Zviv cwiwPwZ ˆcGqGQ exi evOvwj eGj|             M.  DóxcGKi  Rvgvb  mvGnGei  KgÆKví  I  wP¯¦vGPZbvi  mvG^  evsjvi
              K.  BwZnvGmi welqeÕ§ Kx?                     1    beveG`i  wP¯¦vGPZbv,  KgÆKvGíi  Kx  ŠecwiZÅ jÞ  Kiv  hvq?  eÅvLÅv
              L.  mgvGRi RxebB BwZnvm ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq?      2    KGiv|                                     3
              M.  DóxcGKi eYÆbv ˆKvb cÉKvGii BwZnvGmi A¯¦fzÆÚ? eÅvLÅv KGiv|   3  N.  Zzwg  wK  gGb  KGiv  DóxcGKi  wmivR  evsjvi  beve  gxi  KvwmGgi
              N.  DóxcGKi  eYÆbv  BwZnvm  cvGVi  ˆÞGò  ˆKvGbv  ài‚Z½  enb  KGi  wK?   cÉwZwbwaZ½ KGi? gZvgZ `vI|   4
                cvVÅcyÕ¦GKi AvGjvGK gZvgZ `vI|             4  7.  gvngy`v  ‰KwU  iÞYkxj  ‰jvKvq  evm  KGi|  ZvG`i  ‰jvKvq
              2. byiMé ˆRjv cwil` ˆPqvigÅvb gywneyi ingvb wbGR ˆRjv cwil` feb  ˆgGqG`i  evBGi  ˆei  nIqv  wbGla|  ˆgGqG`i  ˆjLvcov  Kiv  wbwl«¬|
              wbgÆvGYi mgq Zv gvGS gvGS Z`viK KGib| febwUi Pviw`GKi cÉvPxi Lye   ‰jvKvi gvbyl NywgGq coGj Mfxi ivGZ ˆm Zvi eo fvB I evevi KvGQ
              gReyZ ‰es DuPz Kiv nGqGQ| feGbi cÉGek c^ ˆek eo Kiv nGqGQ| ˆRjv   ˆjLvcov  wkGL|  NGi  cGo  ˆm  AGbK  ævb  ARÆb  KGi|  cieZÆxGZ  ˆm
              cwil`  ˆPqvigÅvb,  mwPe  I  AbÅvbÅ  KgÆKZÆv  I  KgÆPvix  mevi  evmv  feGbi   bvixG`i e±`x`kv ˆ^GK gywÚi RbÅ mvwnZÅ iPbv KGi|
              ˆfZGi| febwU meÆ`v wbweo wbivcîvi gGaÅ ^vGK|      K.  fviGZi cÉ^g AvaywbK cyi‚l ˆK?          1
              K.  ˆivgvb mfÅZv ˆKvb b`xi ZxGi MGo DGVwQj?   1   L.  divGqwR AvG±`vjb ÷i‚ nq ˆKb?           2
              L.  nvqvGivw™ÏwdK ejGZ Kx ˆevS?              2   M.  gvngy`vi RxeGbi mvG^ ˆKvb gnvgbxlxi RxeGbi wgj iGqGQ? eÅvLÅv
              M.  wm®¬y mfÅZvi ˆKvb AwfæZv KvGR jvwMGq byiMé ˆRjv cwil` feb   KGiv|                       3
                ŠZwi Kiv nGhGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv|              3   N.  bvix RvMiGY DÚ gnvgbxlxi Ae`vb weGkÏlY KGiv|   4
              N.  DÚ mfÅZvi wkG͸i eYÆbv `vI|              4   8.
              3. kc^ ˆbIqvi ciciB ivRv ivavigYKv¯¦ miKvwi KvRGK KZKàGjv
              wefvGM fvM KGib ‰es cÉGZÅK wefvGMi `vwqZ½ ˆ`Iqv nq ‰KRb g¯¨xGK|
              Aci ivGRÅi mGã mÁ¼®¬ iÞv Kivi RbÅ ciivÓ¡Çg¯¨x wbGqvM Kiv nq| weG`wk
              ivGÓ¡Çi mvG^ mivmwi ˆhvMvGhvM iÞv Kivi RbÅ wbGqvM Kiv nq ivÓ¡Ç`ƒZ| Zvi
              KvGR mvnvGhÅi RbÅ wZwb ‰KRb cÉavbg¯¨x wbhyÚ KGib| ZGe wZwb mvgwiK
              evwnbx MVGb gGbvGhvMx wQGjb bv|
              K.  kÉx kvw¯¦G`e ˆKvb ivResGki ivRv wQGjb?    1
              L.  kkvsGKi mgq Dîi fviGZi ÞgZvi «¼G±«¼i MwZ-cÉK‡wZ ˆKgb wQj? 2
              M.  DóxcKwU cÉvPxb evsjvi kvmb eÅeÕ©vi mvG^ ˆh w`K ˆ^GK mv`†kÅcƒYÆ
                Zv@ eÅvLÅv KGiv|                          3                   Qwe: evnv`yi kvn cvKÆ
              N.  mv`†kÅ  ^vKGjI  DóxcKwUGZ  cÉvPxb  evsjvi  kvmb  eÅeÕ©vi  cƒYÆ  K.  wmcvwn weG`ËvGni mƒPbv KGib ˆK?   1
                cÉwZœQwe dzGU IGVwb@ weGkÏlY KGiv|         4  L.  wLjvdZ AvG±`vjb MGo IGV ˆKb?             2
              4. QvnvZ Zvi bvbvi evwo gvaecyi ‰ ˆeovGZ hvq| `ycyiGejvq evmGhvGM  M.  wPòwU ˆKvb HwZnvwmK NUbvi mvG^ RwoZ?eÅvLÅv KGiv|   3
              ˆm Zvi bvbvi evwo ˆcuŒQvGj gvgvGZv fvB RybvC` ZvGK evMÆvi, ˆKvgj cvbxq,  N.  Zzwg  wK  gGb  Ki,  DÚ  HwZnvwmK  NUbv  AGbK  ài‚Z½cƒYÆ?  ˆZvgvi
              nUWM, ˆfwRGUej ˆivj BZÅvw` w`Gq AvcÅvqb KGi| ivGZi LvevGi QvnvGZi   DîGii mcGÞ hywÚ `vI|    4
              RbÅ mewR, gvQ, ÷uUwK I `wai eÅeÕ©v Kiv nq| QvnvGZi bvwb ivZ ˆRGM  9. XvKv KGjGRi Qvò BKevj gywÚhyG«¬i mgq XvKvq cvwKÕ¦vwb evwnbxi
              QvnvGZi RbÅ bvbv iKg wcVvcywj ŠZwi KGib| cÉwZ ˆejv LvevGii ci QvnvZGK  AcvGikb mvPÆjvBU cÉZÅÞ KGib| wZwb mxgv¯¦ ˆcwiGq fviGZi ˆ`iv`yGb
              gmjvhyÚ cvb ˆ`Iqv nq|                           hyG«¬i  cÉwkÞY MÉnY  KGi  wmGjU  AçGj  hy«¬  KGib|  wmGjGUi  KÅvGÁ·
              K.  ˆmvgcyi wenvi ˆK cÉwZÓ¤v KGib?           1  ^vKvKvjxb ‰K Õ©vbxq exi bvix wkLv `vm ZvG`iGK wewf®²fvGe mnvqZv
              L.  cÉvPxb evsjvi ˆhvMvGhvMeÅeÕ©v ˆKgb wQj? eÅvLÅv KGiv|   2  KGib| wewf®² mÁÃyL hyG«¬ H AKzGZvfq ŠmwbK AskMÉnY KGib|
              M.  DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ w«¼ZxqvsGki LveviàGjv evsjvi ˆKvb hyGMi BwãZ  K.  gywRebMi miKvi KLb kc^ MÉnY KGi?   1
                enb KGi? eÅvLÅv KGiv|                     3  L.  7 gvGPÆi fvlGYi gƒj eÚeÅ Kx wQj?          2
              N.  DóxcGK  DwÍÏwLZ  LveviàGjv  DÚ  hyGMi  Lvevi`vevGii  AvswkK  M.  DóxcGKi BKevGji gGZv Qvòiv KxfvGe gywÚhyG«¬ Ae`vb ivGLb?  3
                cÉwZdjb@ weGkÏlY KGiv|                     4  N.  gywÚhyG«¬ Ae`vb ivLGjI wkLv `vmiv ˆZgb ‰KwU gƒjÅvqb cvbwb@
              5. Kvgi‚jGK nZÅv KGi ‰K KÌxZ`vm ivGRÅi wmsnvmGb AvGivnY KGiwQGjb   K^vwU hywÚmn weGkÏlY KGiv|   4
              eGU| wK¯§ AwfRvZeGMÆi weGivwaZvq ‰B KÌxZ`vm ‰K mgq ÞgZvPzÅZ ‰es  10. mvgwiK kvmK bZzb msweavGbi ˆNvlYv w`Gj ‰KwU ˆ`Gki cƒeÆvsGki
              wbnZ nb| Kvgi‚Gji ˆKvb cyò m¯¦vb bv ^vKvq Zvi cƒeÆeZÆx kvmKG`i ‰K  QvòmgvR weGÞvf mgvGek I KÑvm eRÆb KGi| QvòG`i msweavbweGivax ‰
              eskai  bvw`g  kvn  wmsnvmGb  AvGivnY  KGib|  bvw`g  kvn  ‰KRb  `Þ  I  AvG±`vjGb eyw«¬Rxex, wkÞK, ivRbxwZwe`G`i AGbGKB mg^Æb eÅÚ KGib|
              bÅvqcivqY kvmK wQGjb| bvw`g kvGni DîimƒwiivI AZů¦ `ÞZvi mvG^ ivRÅ  H mgq kvmKGkÉwY QvòG`i Ici KGVvi `gbbxwZ Pvjvq|
              cwiPvjbv KGib|                                  K.  W. kvgmyGävnv ˆKvb wek¼we`ÅvjGqi wkÞK wQGjb?   1
              K.  ivRv MGYk KZ wLËÓ¡vGõ g†ZzÅeiY KGib?     1  L.  ˆgŒwjK MYZ¯¨ ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? eÅvLÅv KGiv|   2
              L.  ivRv MGYk ˆMvcGb kwÚ mçq KGi wmsnvmGb AvGivnY KGiwQGjb? eÅvLÅv  M.  DóxcGK cvwKÕ¦vGbi ˆKvb AvG±`vjGbi cÉwZœQwe dzGU DGVGQ? eÅvLÅv
                KGiv|                                      2    KGiv|                                     3
              M.  DóxcGK ˆh kvmGbi cÉwZœQwe cÉKvwkZ nGqGQ Zvi eÅvLÅv `vI|   3  N.  DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ mvgwiK kvmGKi ˆkl cwiYwZ weGkÏlY KGiv|   4
              N.  bvw`g kvGni cyGòi kvmGbi mvG^ hvi kvmbvgGji wgj iGqGQ, Zvi  11. 1975 mvGji ci evsjvG`Gki BwZnvGm mvgwiK AfzÅïvGbi wjwLZ
                kvmbvgj weGkÏlY KGiv|                      4  weeiYB cvIqv hvq| hv meÆGkl 1982 mvGj msNwUZ nGq 1990 ‰ wMGq
              6. ivGk` mvGne DœP c`Õ© miKvwi KgÆKZÆv| cwievi-cwiRb wbGq knGii  ŠÕ¼ikvmGKi cZb NUvq| AwZ mÁ·ÉwZ wZwb g†ZzÅeiY KGib|
              AwfRvZ AvevwmK ‰jvKvq evwo fvov wbGq ^vGKb| Zvi evwoIqvjv Rvgvb  K.  DóxcGK Kvi K^v ejv nGqGQ?   1
              mvGne Kg ˆjLvcov Rvbv mv`vwmGa gvbyl| wcZ‡ cyi‚Gli AMva mÁ·wîi gvwjK  L.  MÉvg miKvi mÁ·GKÆ Kx Rvb?    2
              nGqGQb  DîivwaKvi  mƒGò|  wbGR  cwikÉg  KGi  cGobwb  eGj  mÁ·wî  iÞvq  M.  DóxcGKi mgq ˆKvb kvmbKvj wbG`Æk KGi? Zvi cÉkvmwbK msÕ•vi
              AZUv Zrci bb| myPZzi ivGk` mvGne ‰K mgGq Rvgvb mvGneGK ˆevSvGjb,   wjL|                     3
              wZwb  PvBGj  evwoi  wKQyUv  Ask  ivGk`  mvGnGei  KvGQ  wewKÌ  KiGZ  cvGib|  N.  ‘M’ ˆZ cÉvµ¦ kvmbKvGj ˆKvGbv D®²qb nGqGQ eGj gGb nq wK? ˆKb ev
              gZje eySGZ ˆcGi Rvgvb mvGnGei ˆQGj wmivR ˆm KvGR eva mvaGjb|       ˆKb bv- eYÆbv KGiv|      4
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