Page 7 - বাংলাদেশের ইতিহাস ও বিশ্বসভ্যতা

evsjvG`Gki BwZnvm I wek¼mfÅZv  mvGRkbwfwîK ‰ÝKÑzwmf gGWj: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK 7

ˆmU-6
evsjvG`Gki BwZnvm I wek¼mfÅZv welq ˆKvW : 1 5 3
mgq-2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbU; m†Rbkxj cÉk² gvb: 70
[`ËÓ¡eÅ : Wvb cvGki msLÅv cÉGk²i cƒYÆgvb ævcK| cÉ`î DóxcKàGjv gGbvGhvMmnKvGi co ‰es mswkÏÓ¡ cÉGk²i Dîi `vI| ˆh ˆKvGbv mvZwU cÉGk²i Dîi w`GZ nGe|]
1. ingvb mvGne miKvwi DœPc`Õ© KgÆKZÆv| myGhvM ˆcGjB wZwb ˆQGj 7. RvwKqvi `v`v weËwUkG`i ivRKgÆPvix wQGjb| RvwKqvi ˆgGq ‰Lb
iwb I ˆgGq widvGK wbGq ˆ`Gki wewf®² Õ©vGb AvweÓ•‡Z cÉðZî½ wb`kÆb 8g ˆkÉwYGZ cGo, bvg ˆRwg| ˆRwg Zvi gvGqi KvGQ ˆmB mgGqi ‰KwU
ˆ`LGZ wbGq hvb| Iiv ˆmme Õ©vGb wMGq cÉvPxbKvGji ZvjcvZvq ˆjLv `ywfÆGÞi M͸ ÷GbGQ| M͸wUi gƒjfve nGjv@ ZLb evsjv 1176 mvGji
cwòKv, miKvwi wbG`Ækbvgv, wewf®² esGki ivRvG`i Rxebx msewjZ cyÕ¦K K^v| RvwKqvi `v`viv 7 fvBGevb wQj| cici `y’eQi Liv nIqvq K‡wl
ˆ`LGZ cvq| ‰QvovI ˆMŒiegq BwZnvm wbGq AvGjvPbv KGi| KviY wZwb Drcv`b wQj bv| AbÅw`GK evsjvq ŠZwi `ËeÅ weG`Gk iµ¦vwb KiGZ nGZv
Pvb Zvi m¯¦vGbiv wbR ˆ`Gki cÉvPxb AeÕ©v I BwZnvm mÁ·GKÆ RvbyK ‰es AGbK ˆewk ÷Í• w`Gq| dGj ˆ`Lv ˆ`q ‰K fqven `ywfÆÞ| ‰ `ywfÆGÞ Zvi
ævGb mg†«¬ nGq LuvwU evOvwj wnmvGe MGo DVzK| `v`vi 4 fvBGevb AbvnvGi Avi ˆivGM gviv hvb| MvGQi cvZv wm«¬ KGi
K. BwZnvGmi Dcv`vb KqwU? 1 ˆLGZ nGqwQj ZvG`i| ‰ mgq evsjvi A^ÆbxwZ cÉvq ˆfGO cGo|
L. ˆfŒGMvwjK AeÕ©vbMZ BwZnvm ejGZ Kx eySvq? 2 K. eÝvGii hy«¬ KZ wLËÓ¡vGõ msNwUZ nq? 1
M. widv I iwbi ˆ`Lv cÉðZî½ wb`kÆbàGjv BwZnvGmi ˆKvb aiGbi Dcv`vb? L. ‘A®¬K„c nZÅv’ ejGZ Kx ˆevSvGbv nGqGQ? 2
eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 M. RvwKqvi eÚGeÅi AvGjvGK wQqvîGii g®¼¯¦Gii fvlvwPò Aâb KGiv| 3
N. ‘widv I iwbGK ˆ`k mÁ·GKÆ RvbGZ nGj BwZnvm cvGV AwZe Ri‚wi’- N. ‘evsjvi A^ÆbxwZ ˆfGO covi ˆÞGò Š«¼Z kvmbB `vqx’@ ‰ eÚGeÅi
DwÚwU weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 mvG^ Zzwg Kx ‰KgZ? 4
2. bxjv Zvi evevi mvG^ ‰KwU kni ˆ`LGZ ˆei nGjv| kniwU Pviw`GK 8. gvngy`yj nvmvGbi R¯Ã kixqZcyGi| XvKvq ‰KwU PvKwiGZ wbGqvM
cÉvPxi «¼viv myiwÞZ| cƒeÆ cwiK͸bv Abyhvqx DuPz wfwîi Ici kniwU cixÞvi mvÞvrKvGi ZvGK ejv nGjv Zvi ‰jvKvi ‰KRb wewkÓ¡ eÅwÚ
wbwgÆZ| bMixi ˆfZi w`Gq PGj ˆMGQ cvKv ivÕ¦v| ivÕ¦vàGjv wQj ˆmvRv| mÁ·GKÆ msGÞGc Z^Å cÉ`vb KiGZ| gvügy`yj nvmvb ‰gb ‰K eÅwÚ
cÉGZÅKwU evwoGZ ˆLvjv RvqMv, K„c I Õ²vbvMvi wQj| mÁ·GKÆ Z^Å cÉ`vb KGib, ˆh eÅwÚ fviZxq DcgnvG`Gki Bmjvg aGgÆi
K. ˆKv^vq ˆivgvb mfÅZv MGo DGVGQ? 1 A‹bwZK KvhÆKjvc `ƒixKiGY `†p cÉwZæ wQGjb ‰es Bmjvg aGgÆi KvR,
L. wgkixqG`i wjLb c«¬wZ AvweÓ•vGii eYÆbv `vI| 2 ˆhgb Bgvb ev AvÍÏvni ‰KZ½ ev wimvjvGZi wek¼vm, bvgvR, ˆivRv, nR,
M. bxjvi ˆ`Lv knGii mvG^ cvVÅeBGqi ˆKvb mfÅZvi ŠewkGÓ¡Åi wgj
iGqGQ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 hvKvZ cvjGb D`vî Avn»vb RvbvwœQGjb| K‡lKG`i ‰ AvG±`vjGbi dGj
N. Zzwg wK gGb Ki, DÚ mfÅZvi Awaevmxiv ài‚Z½cƒYÆ I PgrKvi Õ©vcZÅ ‰ ˆ`Gki bxj Pvl wPiZGi e®¬ nGq hvq| Zvi ‰ KgÆKvíàGjv ‰Kmgq
Škjxi wb`kÆb ˆiGLGQ? DîGii mcGÞ hywÚ `vI| 4 AvG±`vjGbi i…c cwiMÉn KGiwQj|
3. K. `y`y wgqvi cyGiv bvg Kx? 1
L. bxj PvGli RbÅ K‡lKG`i Ici AZÅvPvi Kiv nGZv ˆKb? 2
M. gvngy`yj nvmvb ˆh gnvb eÅwÚi Z^Å cÉ`vb KGiwQGjb, Zvi HwZnvwmK
AvG±`vjGbi eÅvLÅv `vI| 3
N. DÚ AvG±`vjb ‰Kmgq AvG±`vjbKvixi ˆhvMÅ cyò KZ‡ÆK cwiPvwjZ
nGqwQj weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
9. wbeÆvwPZ RbcÉwZwbwaG`i mg®¼Gq MYcwil` MwVZ nq, hvi `vwqZ½
wQj bZzb msweavb cÉYqb Kiv| wK¯§ cvwKÕ¦vwb kvmKGMvÓ¤xi Abxnvq
wPò: kvjeb wenvi MYcwilG`i KvR eÅvnZ nGZ ^vGK| AGbK KvjGÞcGYi ci 1956
K. P±`Ê«¼xc ˆKvb ˆRjvi cƒeÆ bvg? 1 mvGji msweavb cÉYxZ nIqvi ci gvò `yB eQi Pvjy wQj| 1958 mvGj
L. Rbc` ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2 mvgwiK kvmb Rvwii mvG^ mvG^ cvwKÕ¦vGb mvsweavwbK kvmGbi Aemvb
M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ wb`kÆbwU ˆKvb RbcG` AewÕ©Z? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 NGU|
N. DÚ Rbc`wUB wK cÉvPxb evsjvi meGPGq D®²Z Rbc` wQj? ‰ welGq K. evsjv bvGgi DGÍÏL cvIqv hvq Kvi ˆjLvq? 1
ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 L. wkÞvGÞGò D®²qGb eãe®¬yi Ri‚wi c`GÞc eYÆbv KGiv| 2
4. ‘K’ AçGji ivRv ˆeŒ«¬ nGjI mKj aGgÆi cÉRvG`i mgvb c†Ó¤GcvlKZv M. DóxcGKi msweavb cÉYqGbi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki msweavb cÉYqGbi
KiGZb| wZwb ‰KwU wn±`y gw±`Gii RbÅ KigyÚ f„wg `vb KGiwQGjb| NUbvi Šemv`†kÅ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
K. ˆ`e esGki ivRavbxi bvg wK? 1 N. DóxcGKi NUbvq mvsweavwbK kvmGbi Aemvb NUGjI evsjvG`Gki
L. gvrmÅbÅvq ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2 ˆÞGò ˆZgbUv nqwb@ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
M. DóxcGKi ivRvi KgÆKvGíi mvG^ ˆZvgvi cwVZ ˆKvb cvj ivRvi 10. wewkÓ¡ mãxZ wk͸x ˆgv. evœPz miKvi Zvi ÕÃiYxq ‰KwU ivGZi eYÆbv
KgÆKvGíi wgj jÞÅ Kiv hvq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. Zzwg wK gGb Ki DÚ kvmKB wQGjb cvj ivRvG`i meÆGkÉÓ¤? hywÚ `vI|4 w`GZ wMGq eGjb, 1971 mvGji ‰KwU ivZ, Avwg NywgGq wQjvg evev-gvGqi
5. evsjv wPiKvjB K‡wlcÉavb ˆ`k| ‰Kmgq KzwUiwkG͸ AZů¦ mg†«¬ mGã| AvbygvwbK ivZ 12Uvi w`GK ˆek KGqKRb ˆmbv ‰Gm Avgvi evevGK
wQj| K‡wl I wk͸`ËGeÅi I cÉvPzhÆ wQj| wkG͸i D®²wZi mvG^ mvG^ evwYRÅI aGi wbGq hvq| IB ivGZ Avi NygvGZ cvwiwb| mKvGj ÷bGZ cvB XvKv knGii
hG^Ó¡ cÉmvi jvf KGiwQj| cÉvq ‰jvKv ˆ^GKB AGbKGK IB ivGZ aGi wbGq wMGq nZÅv KGiGQ cvK
K. AÓ¡mvnwmÉKv cÉævcviwgZv cuyw^ Kvi ivRZ½KvGj iwPZ? 1 ˆmbviv| ‰G`i mnGhvwMZv KGiGQ ˆ`Gki gaÅKvi ‰K ˆkÉwYi wek¼vmNvZK ˆ`k
L. evOvwjGK msKi RvwZ ejv nq ˆKb? 2 weGivax PKÌ|
M. DóxcGK ewYÆZ ZG^Å evsjvi ˆKvb hyGMi A^Æ‹bwZK AeÕ©vi wPò dzGU K. bƒi ˆnvGmGbi eyGK I wcGV Kx ˆjLv wQj? 1
DGVGQ Zvi eÅvLÅv `vI| 3 L. gywRebMi AÕ©vqx miKvGii MVb KvVvGgv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
N. ‘wk͸ I evwYGRÅi cÉmvGii dGj evsjvi wewf®² Õ©vGb evwYRÅ e±`i M. mãxZ wk͸x ˆgv. evœPz miKvi ˆh ivGZi ÕÆwZPviY KGiGQb ˆm ivGZi
MGo IGV@ DóxcGKi AvGjvGK weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 cvK evwnbxi AvKÌgGYi eYÆbv KGiv| 3
6. 661 wLËÓ¡vGõ gymwjg mvgËvGRÅi wLjvdZ MÉnY KGiB gyqvweqv gymwjg N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ wek¼vmNvZKG`i MGo ˆZvjv nGqGQ cvwKÕ¦vb
mvgËvGRÅi ivRavbx `vGgGÕ• Õ©vbv¯¦i KGib| wZwb ivRavbxi wbivcîv e†w«¬ ˆmbvevwnbxi cÞ ˆ^GK@ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
Kivi RbÅ AGbK `yMÆ I cwiLv Lbb KGiwQGjb| wZwbB gymwjg kvmKG`i 11. Rbve ‘K’, ‘L’ I ‘M’ wZbRbB ˆmbv m`mÅ ˆ^GK ivÓ¡Ç cwiPvjbvi
gGaÅ cÉ^g ˆbŒevwnbx MVb KGib| ‰ ˆbŒevwnbxi mvnvGhÅB wZwb f„gaÅmvMixq `vwqZ½fvi MÉnGYi Avkv ˆcvlY KGib| cieZÆxGZ ‰KRbB mdj nb| ‰GZ
KGqKwU «¼xc `Lj KGiwQGjb| ‰KRbGK duvwmi `woGZ SzjGZ nGqwQj|
K. evsjvq gymwjg kvmb KZ eQi Õ©vqx nGqwQj? 1 K. BbGWgwbwU AvBb evwZj nq KZ ZvwiGL? 1
L. evsjvGK eyjMvKcyi ˆKb ejv nGqGQ? 2 L. MYGfvU ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2
M. Lwjdv gyqvweqvi mvG^ ˆZvgvi cwVZ evsjvi ˆKvb gymwjg kvmGKi M. ‘K’, ‘L’ I ‘M’ ‰i NUbvi mvG^ cvVÅcyÕ¦GKi ˆKvb NUbvi wgj iGqGQ eÅvLÅv
wgj jÞ Kiv hvq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 KGiv| 3
N. DÚ kvmGKi mvG^ w`wÍÏi mÁ·KÆ gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4 N. ‰G`i gGaÅ ‰KRGbi kvmb `xNÆÕ©vqx nGqwQj- weGkÏlY KGiv| 4