Page 5 - বাংলাদেশের ইতিহাস ও বিশ্বসভ্যতা

evsjvG`Gki BwZnvm I wek¼mfÅZv  mvGRkbwfwîK ‰ÝKÑzwmf gGWj: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK 5

ˆmU-4
evsjvG`Gki BwZnvm I wek¼mfÅZv welq ˆKvW : 1 5 3
mgq-2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbU; m†Rbkxj cÉk² gvb: 70
[`ËÓ¡eÅ : Wvb cvGki msLÅv cÉGk²i cƒYÆgvb ævcK| cÉ`î DóxcKàGjv gGbvGhvMmnKvGi co ‰es mswkÏÓ¡ cÉGk²i Dîi `vI| ˆh ˆKvGbv mvZwU cÉGk²i Dîi w`GZ nGe|]
1. wgby I gyÚv `yB ev®¬ex| Zviv BwZnvm wbGq K^v ejwQj| wgby ejj, 6. BwZnvm wkÞK wg. ‘K’ Zvi Qvò myRbGK evsjvi ‰KwU hyM mÁ·GKÆ
gvbe mgvGRi ÷i‚ ˆ^GK hveZxq KgÆKví, Rxebhvòvi AMÉMwZ BwZnvm eGjwQj| myRb ejj, ˆmB hyGM wek¼weLÅvZ gmwjb Kvco evsjvq ŠZwi
ˆ^GK Rvbv hvq| gyÚv ejj, ˆ`k I RvwZi AMÉMwZi RbÅ BwZnvm cvGVi nGZv| wkÞK AvGiv ejj ˆh, DÚ hyGM UvKvq AvUgY Pvj cvIqv ˆhZ|
cÉGqvRbxq Acwimxg| K. evGivf„uBqv ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 1
K. ‘mgvGRi RxebB BwZnvm’ DwÚwU Kvi? 1 L. KxfvGe eLwZqvi LjRx b`xqv AvKÌgY KGib? 2
L. BwZnvGmi Dcv`vb KqfvGM wefÚ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 M. DóxcGK wkÞK wg. ‘K’ ˆKvb hyGMi K^v eGjGQb? eÅvLÅv Ki| 3
M. wgbyi eÚGeÅi AvGjvGK BwZnvGmi welqeÕ§ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 N. DÚ hyGM evsjvi wk͸Kjv I Õ©vcZÅwkG͸ evsjvi mvsÕ•‡wZK RxeGb
N. ˆ`k I RvwZi AMÉMwZi RbÅ BwZnvm cvGVi cÉGqvRbxqZv Acwimxg- ‰K my`ƒicÉmvix cÉfve weÕ¦vi KGiwQj@ weGkÏlY Ki| 4
gyÚvi DwÚwUi AvGjvGK BwZnvm cvGVi cÉGqvRbxqZv gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4 7. ˆkÉwYwkÞK evsjvi mkÕ¨ weµÏex AvG±`vjGbi ˆbZvG`i ‰KwU ZvwjKv
2. cÉÕ§Z KiGZ ejGj Bfv bvGgi ‰KRb Qvòx wbGÁ²i ZvwjKvwU cÉÕ§Z KGi|
mkÕ¨ weµÏGei ˆbZvG`i ZvwjKv: Aiwe±`y ˆNvl, evix±`Ê ˆNvl, f„Gc±`ÊYv^
mvgwiK bMiivÓ¡Ç `î, cywjb wenvix `vm, wmAvi `î, myfvl emy, cÉxwZjZv, mƒhÆGmb, ˆkGi
MYZvw¯¨K bMiivÓ¡Ç evsjv ‰GK dRjyj nK|
BwjqvW I IwWwm K. wmcvwn weG`Ëvn KZ mvGj nGqwQj? 1
mGKÌwUm, ˆµÏGUv| L. cÉ^g Õ¼vaxbZv msMÉvGgi mƒPbv nGqwQj KxfvGe? 2
K. ˆbvg Kx? 1 M. Bfvi ZvwjKvwU KZUzKz wbfzÆj? eÅvLÅv Ki| 3
L. AvaywbK wek¼ mÁ·ƒYÆfvGe ˆivgvb AvBGbi Ici wbfÆikxj@ eÅvLÅv N. Bfvi ZvwjKvi gaÅ ˆ^GK ‰KRb gwnjv weµÏex ˆbZvi Ae`vb weGkÏlY
KGiv| 2 Ki| 4
M. DóxcGKi Z^ÅàGjv ˆKvb mfÅZvi cwiPq enb KGi? DÚ mfÅZvi 8. PëMÉvGgi Avgvb evRvGi fviZxq DcgnvG`Gki ‰K gnvb mgvR
bMiivÓ¡ÇàGjvi kvmbeÅeÕ©v ˆKgb wQj? eYÆbv KGiv| 3 msÕ•viGKi Rxebx wbGq PjwœPò cÉ`kÆbxi AvGqvRb Kiv nGqGQ| ˆh mgvR
N. mvwnZÅ I `kÆGb DÚ mfÅZvi Ae`vb AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4 msÕ•viK weaev weevn AvBb cvGmi ˆÞGò gyLÅ f„wgKv ˆiGLwQGjb| Zv
3. BwZnvm KÑvGm g†Yvj I g†`yj cÉvPxb eã RbcG`i K^v RvbGZ cvGi| Qvov wZwb KbÅvwk÷ nZÅv, eü weevn cÉ^vi wei‚G«¬ msMÉvGg Õ¼Z¯¨ f„wgKv
‰evi Zviv cÉvPxb ‰B Rbc` evsjvG`Gki ˆh ˆRjvq AewÕ©Z wQj ˆmme cvjb KGiGQb| evsjv mvwnGZÅ wZwb bew`MG¯¦i mƒPbv KGib| evOvwj
Açj NyGi ˆ`Lvi wm«¬v¯¦ ˆbq| ‰me ˆRjv ögY ˆkGl Zviv RvbGZ cvGi, RvwZi ˆMŒiGei Abyf„wZGK AvGiv ‰K avc ‰wMGq wbGqGQb wZwb|
cÉvPxbKvGj cÉvµ¦ wewf®² HwZnvwmK Dcv`vb nGZ ‰B Rbc` AvweÓ•‡Z nq| K. ˆeMg ˆivGKqvi wcZvi bvg Kx? 1
K. ˆKvb ivRvi AvgGj ˆMŒGoi bvg-WvK meGPGq ˆewk wQj? 1 L. divGqwR ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 2
M. DóxcGK ˆh gnvb msÕ•viGKi K^v BwãZ ˆ`Iqv nq, Zvi KgÆRxeb
L. cËvPxb evsjvi Rbc` nGZ Avgiv ˆKvb welGq aviYv jvf KiGZ cvwi?2 eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
M. DóxcK Abyhvqx g†Yvj I g†`yj evsjvG`Gki ˆKvb ˆKvb ˆRjvq NyiGZ N. mvwnZÅPPÆv I wkÞvweÕ¦vGii ˆÞGò DÚ mgvR msÕ•viGKi K‡wZZ½
hvq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
N. DÚ RbcG`i bvg Rvbvi ˆÞGò BwZnvGmi ˆKvb ˆKvb Dcv`vGbi 9. Kwig mvGne Zvi ˆ`Gki ‰KwU RvZxq wbeÆvPGb cÉv^Æx wnGmGe
Ae`vb AvGQ? gZvgZ `vI| 4 AskMÉnY KGib| wZwb ‰KwU ˆRvGUi cÉv^Æx wQGjb| Zvi ˆRvU wbeÆvPwb
4. NvUcyi AçGj ‘Zzwk’ esGki cZGbi ci evGiv kZGKi w«¼ZxqfvGM BkGZnvi ˆNvlYv KGi, hvi AbÅZg wZbwU `dv wQj 1. Avmb eÅeÕ©v nËvm
‘Z’ ivResGki mƒPbv nq| aviYv Kiv nq ‘Z’iv ‰G`Gk wQGjb ewnivMZ Kiv g¯¨xi ˆeZb wòk nvRvGii ˆewk bv nIqv; 2. wePvi wefvMGK kvmb
ZvG`i cƒeÆcyi‚Gli Avw` evmÕ©vb wQj AbÅò| ‘Z’ esGki cÉwZÓ¤vZv ˆKvGbv wefvM ˆ^GK c†^K Kiv, 3. wewf®² aiGbi KvjvKvbyb evwZj Kiv|
ivRÅ cÉwZÓ¤v KGibwb| ‰Kmgq wZwb ‘Zzwk’ esGki ‰K ivRvi AaxGb K. hyÚdÌ´Ÿ gƒjZ KqwU ivR‹bwZK `Gji mg®¼Gq MwVZ nq? 1
‰KRb mvg¯¦ ivRv wQGjb| L. hyÚdÌ´Ÿ gw¯¨mfvi MVb eYÆbv KGiv| 2
K. ˆZGiv kZGKi cÉ^g w`GK ˆKvb gymwjg ˆmbvcwZ b`xqv AvKÌgY KGi? M. DóxcGKi Abyi…c ‰KwU ˆRvGUi wbeÆvPGbi djvdj eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
1 N. Zzwg wK gGb Ki, ‰ aiGbi ‰KwU wbeÆvPGbi ZvrchÆ evOvwj RvwZi
L. “agÆcvj D`vifvGe agÆ cvjb KiGZb”@ eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 KvGQ wPiÕÃiYxq? DîGii mcGÞ hywÚ `vI| 4
M. DóxcGKi ‘Z’ ivResGki mvG^ evsjvi ˆh ivResGki wgj iGqGQ Zvi 10. 1947 mvGj ˆ`k wefvGMi ci fviGZi cÉavbgw¯¨Z½ MÉnY KGib
cwiPq ZzGj ai| 3 cwíZ RInijvj ˆbni‚| Zuvi ˆbZ‡GZ½ `yB eQGi fviZ ‰KwU cƒYÆvã
N. ‘Z’ esGki Abyi…c ‰KwU esGki ivRv wQGjb ‘jÞY ˆmb’@ weGkÏlY msweavb cvq| Zuvi kvmbvgGj wkÞv, wk͸, K‡wlmn me ˆÞGòB fviZ
KGiv| 4 ‰wkqvi D`xqgvb ivGÓ¡Ç cwiYZ nq|
5. cËGqvRGbi K^v gv^vq ˆiGL meÆ`v KvhÆ wbaÆviY Kiv nq| eZÆgvb K. ‘AvgvGK ˆKvGbv evOvwj gviGe bv’@ ˆK eGjwQGjb? 1
mgGq eo eo knGi eü gvbyGli emevm| PjvPGji RbÅ eü hvbevnb L. 15 AvMÕ¡ evsjvG`Gki BwZnvGmi Kjâgq ‰KwU w`b ˆKb? 2
M. DóxcGKi ˆ`kwUi msweavb iPbvi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki msweavb iPbvi
cÉGqvRb| hvbevnb PjvPGji RbÅ eü ivÕ¦v cÉGqvRb| ZvB kvmGKiv cv^ÆKÅ ˆKv^vq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
cwiK͸bv KGi bZzb bZzb ivÕ¦v wbgÆvY KiGQb, Dovj moK wbgÆvY KiGQb| N. DóxcGKi ˆbni‚ ˆhgb fviZGK ‰wMGq wbGq wMGqwQGjb, ˆZgwbfvGe
‰Lb ˆ^GK KGqK kZ eQi AvGMI ‰i eÅwZKÌg nqwb| Avevi wek¼vqGbi eãe®¬yI evsjvG`kGK ‰wMGq wbGq wMGqwQGjb@ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
hyGM ‰KB ˆ`k ‰KB knGi, ‰KB ‰jvKvq ev ‰KB gnÍÏvq wewf®² RvwZ- 11.
ˆMvÓ¤x I aGgÆi gvbyl cvkvcvwk emevm KGi| gaÅhyGMI ‰gwb kvw¯¦cƒYÆ Lvj Lbb DcGRjv eÅeÕ©v cÉeZÆb
mnveÕ©vGbi D`vniY iGqGQ| MÉvg miKvi gnKzgvGK ˆRjv ˆNvlYv
K. ˆKvb ˆKvb cGeÆ evsjvq gyNj kvmb AwZevwnZ nq? 1 MYwkÞv BmjvgGK ivÓ¡ÇagÆ eGj ˆNvlYv
L. HwZnvwmK wRqvDwób evivbx evsjvi bvg ‘eyjMvKcyi’ w`GqwQGjb “K” “L”
ˆKb? 2 K. Kvi ˆbZ‡GZ½ AfzÅïvGb LvGj` ˆgvkviid ÞgZvPzÅZ nb? 1
M. DóxcGKi eYÆbvq eZÆgvb mgGqi kvmGKiv cÉGqvRGbi ZvwMG` ˆh L. RvZxq Pvi ˆbZvGK KvivMvGi e±`x AeÕ©vq nZÅv Kiv nq ˆKb? 2
mKj eÅeÕ©v MÉnY KGib gaÅhyGMI BIR LjwR wewf®² cÉGqvRGb ˆKvb M. DóxcGK ‘K’ wPwn×Z NGii KgÆmƒwPmgƒn ˆKvb kvmGKi mgGq M†nxZ
eÅeÕ©v MÉnY KGib? eYÆbv KGiv| 3 nq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. DóxcGKi ˆkl evKÅwU myjZvb AvjvDwób üGmb kvGni kvmbvgGji N. “DóxcGK ‘L’ wPwn×Z NGii KgÆmƒwP MÉnYKvix kvmKMY AfzÅïvGb
RbÅ KZUv ˆhŒwÚK eGj Zzwg gGb KGiv? gZvgZ `vI| 4 ÞgZvPzÅZ nb’ DwÚwUi mcGÞ ˆZvgvi gZvgZ eÅÚ KGiv| 4