Page 9 - বাংলাদেশের ইতিহাস ও বিশ্বসভ্যতা

evsjvG`Gki BwZnvm I wek¼mfÅZv  mvGRkbwfwîK ‰ÝKÑzwmf gGWj: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK 9

ˆmU-8
evsjvG`Gki BwZnvm I wek¼mfÅZv welq ˆKvW : 1 5 3
mgq-2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbU; m†Rbkxj cÉk² gvb: 70
[`ËÓ¡eÅ : Wvb cvGki msLÅv cÉGk²i cƒYÆgvb ævcK| cÉ`î DóxcKàGjv gGbvGhvMmnKvGi co ‰es mswkÏÓ¡ cÉGk²i Dîi `vI| ˆh ˆKvGbv mvZwU cÉGk²i Dîi w`GZ nGe|]
1. gvgyb wewf®² Õ©vb ˆ^GK cwiZÅÚ gvjvgvj msMÉn KGi wewKÌ KGi| ˆm K. wQqvîGii g®¼¯¦i Kx? 1
‰Kw`b ˆgŒevM Rwg`vi evwoi cvGk ‰K M†nGÕ©i evwo ˆ^GK AGbK w`Gbi L. 1770 mvGji `ywfÆÞ BwZnvGmi wQqvîGii g®¼¯¦i bvGg cwiwPZ ˆKb? 2
cyiGbv wKQy cv^Gii ^vjv, ™Ïvm, evwU, gwiPv cov ˆjvnvi wm®¬yK, fvOv avZe M. DóxcGK BivGKi cyZzj miKvGii mvG^ BsGiRG`i «¼viv cwiPvwjZ
gy`Ëv cÉf‡wZ KÌq KGi| AbÅw`GK, Abyc KzGqGUi KwÁ·DUvi wefvGMi Qvò| miKvGii Zzjbv KGiv| 3
ivGmj Zvi fvGjv e®¬y ‰es ˆm BwZnvm wefvGM AaÅqbiZ| cÉvqB ZvG`i gGaÅ N. Zywg wK gGb Ki, DóxcGKi NUbvi gGZv evsjvi beveG`i cwiPvjbv
BwZnvm wbGq ZKÆ nq| Abyc eGj, BwZnvGmi ˆKvGbv eÅenvwiK gƒjÅ ˆbB ZvB KiZ BsGiRiv? weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
eZÆgvb mgGq ‰Uv APj| ivGmj cÉZzÅîGi eGj, BwZnvm RvZxq HwZnÅ ‰es 7.
ˆ`kGcÉGg AbyGcÉiYv ˆRvMvq| ˆh RvwZi BwZnvm hZ D®²Z, ˆm RvwZ ZZ ˆewk
D®²Z|
K. mvÁ·ÉwZK BwZnvm Kx? 1
L. BwZnvGmi cwimi mÁ·ÉmvwiZ nGœQ ˆKb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2
M. gvgyGbi KÌqK‡Z gvjvgvj BwZnvGmi ˆKvb Dcv`vGbi A¯¦fzÆÚ? eÅvLÅv wPò-1 wPò-2
KGiv| 3 K. divGqwR AvG±`vjb ejGZ Kx ˆevS? 1
N. DóxcGK Abyc I ivGmGji gGaÅ Zzwg Kvi gZvgZGK cÉavbÅ ˆ`Ge? L. wZZzgxi ‰K mvnmx ˆhv«¬vi bvg@ eÅvLÅv Ki| 2
ˆZvgvi DîGii cGÞ hywÚ `vI| 4 M. wPò-1 ‰ DwÍÏwLZ eÅwÚi mvgvwRK KgÆKví eÅvLÅv Ki| 3
2. evsjvG`k ‰KwU b`xgvZ‡K ˆ`k| ‰LvGb cÉwZeQi cÉvqB ebÅvq b`xi N. ‘wPò-2 ‰ DwÍÏwLZ eÅwÚ wQGjb ‰KRb mgvR msÕ•viK’ weGkÏlY Ki|4
ZxieZÆx ‰jvKv µÏvweZ nq| ebÅvi cvwb ˆbGg ˆMGj ZxieZÆx ‰jvKvq cwj 8. Rbve AvGbvqvi ˆnvGmb ‰KwU BDwbqb cwilG`i ˆPqvigÅvb| Zvi
RGg gvwUi DeÆiZv e†w«¬ cvq ‰es cÉPzi dmj dGj ‰GZ K‡lGKiv jvfevb BDwbqb cwilG`i cÉavb `ywU mÁ·É`vGqi gGaÅ bvbv welGq weGiva ˆjGM ^vGK|
nq| ‘K’ mÁ·É`vq cÉvavbÅ weÕ¦vi jvf Kivq ‘L’ mÁ·É`vGqi ˆbZviv AwaKvGii RbÅ
K. nvqvGivw™ÏwdK Kx? 1 AvG±`vjb KGi| Rbve AvGbvqvi ˆnvGmb ZvG`i `ywU mÁ·É`vGqi RbÅ wewf®²

L. wgkixqiv g†ZG`nGK gwg KGi ivLZ ˆKb? 2 ˆKvUv wbaÆviY KGi w`Gq `yB mÁ·É`vGqi gGaÅ ‰KwU PzwÚ Õ¼vÞi KGib| 1
K. jvGnvi cÉÕ¦ve ˆK Dïvcb KGib?
M. DóxcGK ewYÆZ AeÕ©vi mvG^ ˆKvb mfÅZvi AeevwnKvi wgj cvIqv L. eqKU AvG±`vjb ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2
hvq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 M. DóxcGK Rbve AvGbvqvi ˆnvGmb weËwUk fviGZi ˆKvb PzwÚi AwfæZv
N. wjLbc«¬wZ I KvMR AvweÓ•vGi DÚ mfÅZvi Ae`vb chÆvGjvPbv KvGR jvwMGqGQb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
KGiv| 4 N. DóxcGK ‘L’ mÁ·É`vGqi gGZv DÚ PzwÚ gymjgvb Õ¼v^Æ msiÞY
3. mvwgi fviGZi cwøgeGãi gywkÆ`vevG`i ˆQGj| wkÞvmdGi ˆm Zvi KGiwQj@ ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4
mncvVxG`i mvG^ evsjvG`Gki cÉvPxb Õ©vcbv ˆ`GL gy™¬ nq| ‰LvGbB wQj 9. widvZ ‰wkqv gnvG`Gki gymwjg msLÅvMwiÓ¤ ‰KwU ˆ`Gki bvMwiK| Zvi
cÉvPxb evsjvi meGPGq mg†«¬ Rbc`| ˆ`Gki ‰KRb ivÓ¡ÇcwZ Afů¦ixY bxwZi mGã wgj ˆiGLB ˆ`kwUi ciivÓ¡ÇbxwZ
K. eZÆgvb KzwgÍÏvi cÉvPxb bvg Kx? 1 cÉYqb KGiwQGjb| wZwb gymwjg ˆ`kmgƒGni mGã mÁ·KÆ D®²qGb ˆRvi
L. eGi±`ÊGK Rbc` ejv hvq bv ˆKb? eÅvLÅv Ki| 2 ˆ`Iqvi welqwU msweavGbi A¯¦fzÆÚ KGib| ciivÓ¡ÇbxwZi cwieZÆGbi ˆhŒwÚKZv
M. mvwgGii wbR ˆRjv ˆKvb RbcG`i Ask wQj? eÅvLÅv Ki| 3 wnGmGe ˆ`kwUi gymwjg cwiPqGK eo KGi ˆZvjvi eÅeÕ©v KGib|
N. Zzwg wK gGb Ki, mvwgi cÉ^Gg ˆh RbcG` ögY KGiGQ Zv cÉvPxb K. bƒi ˆnvGmb wbnZ nb KGe? 1
evsjvi meGPGq mg†«¬ Rbc` wQj? hywÚmnKvGi ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI|4 L. ˆRj nZÅvi gƒj KviY Kx wQj? 2
4. ‘K’ AçGji ivRv ˆeŒ«¬ nGjI mKj agÆvejÁ¼x cÉRvi cÉwZ wQj Zvi M. widvGZi ˆ`Gki ivÓ¡ÇcwZi ciivÓ¡ÇbxwZi mvG^ evsjvG`Gki ˆh ivÓ¡ÇcwZi
mgvb c†Ó¤GcvlKZv| wZwb ‰KwU wn±`y gw±`Gii RbÅ KigyÚ f„wg `vb ciivÓ¡ÇbxwZi wgj iGqGQ Zvi eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
KGiwQGjb| N. evsjvG`Gki Abyi…c ‰KRb ivÓ¡ÇcwZi D®²qb KgÆmƒwP eÅvcK cÉPvi jvf
K. kkvsK ˆKvb aGgÆi DcvmK wQGjb? 1 KGiwQj@ gZvgZ `vI| 4
L. gvrmÅbÅvq Kx? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 10. bxjyi evev Avbmvi Avjx ‰KRb gywÚGhv«¬v| ˆm mgq wZwb wQGjb
M. DóxcGKi ivRvi KgÆKvGíi mvG^ ˆKvb ivRvi KgÆKvGíi wgj cvIqv ‰KRb KGjR wkÞK| Pviw`GK hyG«¬i wefxwlKvgq i…c ˆ`GL ‰es XvKvi
hvq? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 MYnZÅvi `†kÅ ˆ`GL wZwb evmvq KvDGK bv RvwbGq gywÚGhv«¬vG`i KÅvGÁ· wMGq
N. ‘Zzwg wK gGb Ki DÚ kvmKB wQj cvj ivRvG`i gGaÅ meÆGkÉÓ¤’ DîGii gywÚGhv«¬v wnGmGe wbGRi bvg ˆjLvGjb| hyG«¬ eü AcvGikGb wZwb exiGZ½i
Õ¼cGÞ hywÚ `vI| 4 mvG^ hy«¬ KGib| hyG«¬ wZwb Zvi cv nvivb, AeGkGl evsjvG`k Õ¼vaxb nq|
5. evsjvG`Gki A^ÆbxwZGZ ŠZwi ˆcvkvKwkG͸i ài‚Z½ AGbK| eZÆgvGb K. cvwKÕ¦vGbi cÉ^g kvmbZ¯¨ iwPZ nq KZ mvGj? 1
ˆ`Gki iµ¦vwb evwYGRÅi wmsnfvMB nGjv ŠZwi ˆcvkvKwk͸| hw`I evsjv L. gywÚhy«¬ KxfvGe MYhyG«¬ i…c ˆbq? 2
cÉvPxbKvj ˆ^GKB K‡wlcÉavb| ‰LvGb Drc®² nq wewf®² dj I dmj| eZÆgvGb M. Avbmvi Avjx ˆKvb aiGbi gywÚGhv«¬v? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
AGbK wkwÞZ hyeK gvQ Pvl I nuvm-gyiwM cvjb KGi ˆ`Gki A^ÆbxwZGZ N. ‘Avbmvi Avjxi gGZv AmsLÅ gvbyGli AvñZÅvGMi gaÅw`GqB AwRÆZ
DGÍÏLGhvMÅ Ae`vb ivLGQ| nGqGQ Õ¼vaxbZv’@ gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4
K. evsjvG`Gki Õ©vcGZÅi meGPGq cÉvPxb wb`kÆb ˆKvbwU? 1 11. NUbv 1 : 1971 mvGj ˆ`k Õ¼vaxb nIqvi ci ‰KRb eÅwÚ ˆ`Gk
L. evsjv fvlvi Drcwî nq KxfvGe? 2 wdGi eGjb, evsjvG`k ‰KwU Av`kÆ ivÓ¡Ç nGe| Avi Zvi wfwî weGkl ˆKvb
agÆ wfwîK nGe bv| ivGÓ¡Çi wfwî nGe MYZ¯¨, mgvRZ¯¨ I agÆ wbiGcÞZv|
M. DóxcGKi eYÆbv AbymvGi evsjvG`Gk eZÆgvb ˆcvkvKwkG͸i ài‚Z½ cÉvPxb NUbv : 2 : 1972 mvGji 16 wWGmÁ¼i 1g weRq w`eGm ‰KwU wjwLZ `wjj
hyGMi eÕ¨wkG͸i mvG^ KZUv mv`†kÅcƒYÆ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 cvm Kiv nq| ‰ welGq eÚeÅ ivLGZ wMGq eãe®¬y eGjb ˆh, DÚ `wjjwU
N. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ K‡wlGÞGò wkwÞZ hye mÁ·É`vGqi mÁ·†ÚZv cÉvPxb kwnG`i iGÚ wjwLZ ‰es ‰wU mgMÉ RbMGYi Avkv-AvKv›Þvi gƒZÆ cÉZxK
evsjvi cwiGcÉwÞGZ AbycwÕ©Z ^vKvi KviY Kx eGj KGiv? gZvgZ nGq ˆeuGP ^vKGe|
`vI| 4 K. KZ mvj ˆ^GK KZ mvj chƯ¦ evsjvG`Gk ‰KwU Kjâgq I
6. iwng gvÕ¡vi ivÕ¦v w`Gq ˆnuGU hvwœQGjb| cÉwZGekx Kwig wgqv ZvGK MYZ¯¨weGivax AaÅvq wnGmGe aiv nq? 1
ˆWGK wRGæmv KiGjb, eZÆgvGb BivGKi AeÕ©v Kx? iwng mvGne ejGjb, L. AwjwLZ ev cÉZ½Zî½ Dcv`vb ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 2
BivGK ‰KwU cyZzj miKvi weivR KiGQ| ˆ`kwU PvjvGœQ gƒjZ AvGgwiKv, M. NUbv-1 ‰ ewYÆZ eÅwÚ ˆK wQGjb? wkÞv I K‡wl LvGZ Zvi f„wgKv eYÆbv
KviY Zviv BivGKi ˆZj mÁ·`GK jyUcvU Kivi RbÅB mvóvg ˆnvGmbGK KGiv| 3
ÞgZv ˆ^GK mwiGqGQ ‰es nZÅv KGiGQ| N. NUbv-2 ‰ ewYÆZ `wjjwU gƒjZ Kx? ‰i 4Uv fvM eYÆbv KGiv| 4