Page 77 - বাংলাদেশের ইতিহাস ও বিশ্বসভ্যতা

evsjvG`Gki BwZnvm I wek¼mfÅZv  kxlÆÕ©vbxq Õ•zjmgƒGni cÉk²cò: m†Rbkxj iPbvgƒjK 77

14. gvaÅwgK I DœP gvaÅwgK wkÞv ˆevWÆ, hGkvi
evsjvG`Gki BwZnvm I wek¼mfÅZv welq ˆKvW : 1 5 3

mgq-2 N¥Ÿv 30 wgwbU; m†Rbkxj cÉk² gvb: 70
[`ËÓ¡eÅ : Wvb cvGki msLÅv cÉGk²i cƒYÆgvb ævcK| cÉ`î DóxcKàGjv gGbvGhvMmnKvGi co ‰es mswkÏÓ¡ cÉGk²i Dîi `vI| ˆh ˆKvGbv mvZwU cÉGk²i Dîi w`GZ nGe|]

1. Rbve dqmvj Zvi evMvb cwiÓ•vi KiGZ wMGq ‰KwU cqmv ˆcj| cqmvwU ˆm 7. `†kÅ-1: iscyi `xNÆw`b ivRkvnx wefvGMi A¯¦fzÆÚ wQj| AvqZGb wekvj I wefvM
wPbGZ bv ˆcGi Õ©vbxq ‰K Awfæ eÅwÚi KvGQ wbGq ˆMGj wZwb ejGjb, ‰wU cÉvPxb kvmbKvhÆ cwiPvjbvi myweavi RbÅ ivRkvnx wefvMGK ˆfGO ivRkvnx I iscyi bvGg `ywU
ˆKvGbv ivResGki gy`Ëv| AbÅw`GK ˆmvbvevwoqvi gVevox ‰KwU cÉwm«¬ HwZnvwmK Õ©vb Avjv`v wefvM Kiv nq| ‰GZ iscyievmx Lywk nq|
‰B Õ©vcZÅwU miKvwi-ˆemiKvwi ˆh ˆKvGbv c†Ó¤GcvlKZv ˆcGj chÆUb ˆK±`Ê nGZ cvGi| `†kÅ-2: ‘K’ ˆ`Gk RbMY weG`wk kvmGbi KgÆKvGíi Am¯§Ó¡ nGq ‰KwU AvG±`vjb MGo
K. BwZnvm Kx? 1 ˆZvGj| Zviv miKvwi PvKwi, c`we, Õ•zj-KGjR BZÅvw` eRÆb KGib| Zviv ˆ`kxq
L. BwZnvm AbÅvbÅ welq ˆ^GK Avjv`v ˆKb? 2 wRwbGmi cÉPjb e†w«¬ KGi weG`wk cYÅ eRÆb KGib|
M. DóxcGKi dqmvj mvGnGei evMvGb cvIqv `ËeÅwU BwZnvGmi ˆKvb aiGbi K. cË^g Õ¼vaxbZv msMÉvg KvGK eGj? 1
Dcv`vb? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 L. m¾G`kx AvG±`vjGbi dGj ˆ`kxq wkG͸i D®²wZ nq ˆKb? 2
N. DóxcGKi gVevox ˆh cÉKvGii BwZnvGmi cÉwZ BwãZ KGi Zv msiÞY KiGj M. `†kÅ-1-‰ wefwÚi NUbvi mvG^ ˆZvgvi cvVÅcyÕ¦GKi ˆKvb NUbvi mvG^
AvgvG`i BwZnvm mg†«¬ nGe@ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 mvgémÅ iGqGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
2. `†k-1: Awikv AGbK w`b ci CG`i QywUGZ Zvi `v`y evwo wbwø¯¦cyi MÉvGg N. `†kÅ-2-‰ ˆh AvG±`vjGbi cÉwZ BwãZ Kiv nGqGQ ˆmB AvG±`vjGbi ZxeËZv I
ˆeovGZ hvq| ˆmLvGb cvKv ivÕ¦v, ivÕ¦vi cvGk ˆmvjvi jvBU, my±`i evwo I cvwb cwiYwZ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
wbÓ•vkGbi myeÅeÕ©v ˆ`GL gy™¬ nGjv| 8. NUbv-1: Rbve iwdK mvGne ‘K’ ˆ`Gki ‰KRb ivR‹bwZK ˆbZv| miKvGii
`†kÅ-2: my±`icyi BDwbqGbi kvw¯¦-k†›Ljv I bvMwiK myGhvM-myweav iÞvi RbÅ AckvmGbi KviGY AwaKvsk gvbyl ZvG`i AwaKvi ˆfvM KiGZ cvGi bv| ZvB
Rbve iwdK mvGne AbÅ wZbwU `Gji mvG^ ˆRvU ŠZwi KGi wbeÆvPGb AskMÉnY KGi
ˆPqvigÅvb wKQy wewa-weavb cÉYqb KGib| Zvi DGókÅ wQj mKj agÆ, eGYÆi gvbyl
hvGZ mgvb myGhvM-myweav cvq| wZwb wewa-weavbàwj wWwRUvj mvBbGevWÆ ŠZwi KGi ÞgZvmxb `jGK civwRZ KGib| Rbve iwdK mvGne Rqx nGjI wZwb cƒYÆ mgq
ÞgZvq ^vKGZ cvGibwb|
MÉvGg MÉvGg SzwjGq ˆ`b| Zvi wewa-weavbàwj cÉGqvGMi dGj my±`icyi BDwbqGbi
evwm±`viv myGL-kvw¯¦GZ emevm KGi| NUbv-2: Rbve Õ¼vaxb mvGne ‰KwU KwgwUi cÉavb| ˆ`Gki mKj gvbyGli KjÅvGYi
K. ˆWwjqvb jxM Kx? 1 RbÅ ‰KwU weGkl KvR KiGZ ‰KwU bZzb KwgwUGZ ˆhvM ˆ`b| ‰ RbÅ Zviv ‰KwU
L. nvqvGivw™ÏwdGKi DîiGYi chÆvqàGjv eÅvLÅv KGiv| 2 wgwUsGq eGmb| wgwUs-‰i Z^Å weGivax cGÞi KvGQ duvm nGq hvq| ‰ RbÅ Õ¼vaxb
mvGnGei wei‚G«¬ ‰KwU gvgjv nq ‰es ZvGK ˆMɵ¦vi Kiv nq| wK¯§ mvaviY
M. `†kÅ-1 ‰ wbwø¯¦cyi MÉvGgi bvMwiKG`i myGhvM-myweavi mvG^ cÉvPxb ˆKvb RbMGYi kwÚkvjx AvG±`vjGbi KviGY Rbve Õ¼vaxb mvGneGK gywÚ ˆ`qv nq|
mfÅZvi wgj iGqGQ? eYÆbv KGiv| 3 K. Qq `dv `vwei cÉ^g `dv ˆKvbwU? 1
N. `†kÅ-2 ‰ my±`icyi BDwbqGbi ˆPqvigÅvGbi c`GÞc ˆKvb mfÅZvi c`GÞGci L. Avgiv AvgvG`i fvlvi cÉwZ kÉ«¬vkxj nGev ˆKb? 2
mvG^ mv`†kÅ iGqGQ? cvVÅcyÕ¦GKi AvGjvGK ˆZvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4 M. DóxcGK ‘K’ ˆ`kwUi wbeÆvPbwU ˆZvgvi cvVÅcyÕ¦GKi ˆKvb wbeÆvPGbi mvG^
3. wmGjGUi Rvdjs ‰KwU `kÆbxq Õ©vb| cÉwZ eQi eü chÆUK wmGjGUi ‰ chÆUb mv`†kÅcƒYÆ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
ˆKG±`Ê ˆeovGZ AvGm| bvwdQv MZ eQi ˆmLvGb ˆeovGZ wMGqwQj| ÷ay wmGjGUi Rvdjs N. NUbv-2-‰i mvG^ ˆZvgvi cvVÅcyÕ¦GKi ˆh NUbvi wgj AvGQ Zv cƒeÆ evsjvi
bq, ˆm cieZÆx mgGq eàovi gnvÕ©vbMoI NyGi AvGm| RbMbGK gywÚhyG«¬ SuvwcGq coGZ AbycÉvwYZ KGiwQj@ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
K. Rbc` Kx? 1 9. `†kÅcU-1 : i‚üj Avwgb ‰KRb my`Þ kvmK, `ƒi`kÆx ivRbxwZwe` I Õ¼vaxbGPZv
L. ‘eã’ bvGgi Drcwî nq KxfvGe? 2 gvbyl wQGjb| wZwb Zuvi cÉRvG`i KjÅvGYi cÉwZ mGPZb wQGjb| wZwb ˆPGqwQGjb Zuvi
M. DóxcGK DwÍÏwLZ bvwdQv cÉ^Gg ˆhLvGb ˆeovGZ hvq Zv cÉvPxb ˆKvb RbcG`i weGivax kwÚi mGã mÁÃvbRbK DcvGq wbR ivRÅmxgvi Õ¼v^Æ iÞv KGi Avw^ÆK I mvgwiK
A¯¦fzÆÚ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 `yeÆjZv KvwUGq DVGZ| ‰ DGóGk wZwb wKQy c`GÞc MÉnY KiGj ˆkl chƯ¦ weGivax
N. bvwdQv cieZÆx mgGq ˆhLvGb NyiGZ hvq Zv wQj cÉvPxb evsjvi meGPGq mg†«¬ kwÚi mvG^ ‰KwU hy«¬ AwbevhÆ nGq IGV|
Rbc`@ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 `†kÅcU-2 : cÉvPxbKvj ˆ^GK fviZ DcgnvG`k weGkl KGi evsjv Açj wQj abmÁ·G`
4. `†kÅ-1: cÉLÅvZ wk÷mvwnwZÅK myKzgvi ivGqi eB cGowb ‰gb cvVK weij| cƒYÆ ‰KwU ˆ`k| ‰ AçGji Õ¼qsmÁ·ƒYÆ MÉvGg gvbyGli RxebhvcGbi RbÅ hv wKQy cÉGqvRb
Zvi weLÅvZ iPbv ‘AvGevj ZvGevj’ Amgvµ¦ ˆiGLB wZwb g†ZzÅeiY KGib| cieZÆx meB ZLb cvIqv ˆhZ| ZvB ‰ DcgnvG`Gki mvG^ eÅemvq-evwYRÅ Kivi RbÅ weG`wk
mgGq Zvi myGhvMÅ cyò mZÅwRr ivq Mɯ©wU mgvµ¦ KGib| mZÅwRr ivq wbGRI ‰KwU ˆKvÁ·vwbi AbycÉGek NGU| cieZÆx mgGq Zviv ‰G`Gki ivÓ¡ÇÞgZv `Lj KiGZ
mymvwnwZÅK wQGjb| mÞg nq| 1
K. Š«¼Z kvmb Kx?
`†kÅ-2: imyjcyi BDwbqGbi ˆPqvigÅvb iweb wek¼vm| wZwb wbR agÆ wkÞvi RGbÅ AGbK L. KjKvZv bMix KxfvGe m†wÓ¡ nq? 2
wkÞv ˆK±`Ê cÉwZÓ¤v KGib| wZwb wbR aGgÆi cvkvcvwk AbÅ aGgÆi ˆjvK ˆhb ZvG`i agÆ M. `†kÅcU-1-‰ ˆh hyG«¬i BwãZ ˆ`Iqv nGqGQ Dnvi KviYàwj ˆjGLv| 3
wVKgGZv cvjb KiGZ Amyweav bv nq Zvi w`GK jÞ ivLGZb| N. `†kÅcU-2-‰ ˆh ˆKvÁ·vwbi cÉwZ BwãZ Kiv nGqGQ DÚ ˆKvÁ·vwb KxfvGe
K. gnvmvg¯¦ Kx? 1 ‰G`Gki ivÓ¡ÇÞgZv `Lj KGiwQj? Zv weGkÏlY KGiv| 4
L. kkvGâi g†ZzÅi ci evsjvi ivRbxwZ ˆKgb wQj? eYÆbv `vI| 2 10. `†kÅ-1: ‰KwU ˆ`k Õ¼vaxbZvi RbÅ jovB KiGQ| ˆKD Õ¼vaxbZv wbGq Mvb
M. `†kÅ@ 1-‰ mZÅwRr ivGqi KgÆKvGíi mvG^ BwZnvGmi ˆKvb ivRvi KgÆKvGíi wjLGQb, ˆKD KweZv wjLGQb, ˆKD bvUK wjLGQb| ˆKD Avevi ˆmB Mvb MvBGQb,
mv`†kÅ AvGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 bvUGK Awfbq KiGQb|
N. `†kÅ@ 2-‰ mvÁ·É`vwqK ˆmŒnv`ÆÅ iÞvq iweb wek¼vGmi agÆbxwZi mvG^ agÆcvGji `†kÅ-2: AwZ mÁ·ÉwZ BDGbGÕ•v KZ‡ÆK evsjvG`Gki ‰K HwZnvwmK fvlYGK ˆgGgvwi Ae
agÆbxwZi ZzjbvgƒjK AvGjvPbv KGiv| 4 `Å Iqv룮 WKzGg´ŸvwiGZ A¯¦fzÆÚ Kivq ˆmvnivIqv`Æx D`ÅvGb bvMwiK mgvGeGki AvGqvRb
5. wew^Kv Zvi gvgvGZv ˆevb mywgZvi weGqGZ MÉvGg hvq| weGqGZ AwZw^e†±` Kiv nq| ‰K ivRbxwZwe` bvMwiK mgvGeGki AvGjvPbv mfvq eGjb ˆh, “‰B fvlY ÷ay
my±`i KGi ˆmGR DcwÕ©Z nq| gwnjviv kvwo, Iobv, KvGbi `yj, Mjvq nvi ‰es Õ¼vaxbZv hyG«¬i bq, AvgvG`i fwelÅr cÉRG¯Ãi PvwjKvkwÚ|”
cyi‚liv aywZ, Pv`i I Ajâvi cwiavb KGi| weGq evwoGZ AwZw^G`i fvZ, gvQ, K. RvZxq cZvKvi e†Gîi jvj iO KxGmi cÉZxK? 1
gvsm, mewR, `wa cwiGekb KGi| LvIqv-`vIqv ˆkGl gmjvhyÚ cvb ˆ`Iqv nq| L. 25ˆk gvPÆ ivZGK ‘Kvj ivZ’ ejv nq ˆKb? 2
K. mZx`vn cÉ^v Kx? 1 M. `†kÅ-1-‰ 1971 mvGj gywÚhyG«¬ KvG`i AskMÉnGYi mvG^ wgj iGqGQ? eÅvLÅv
L. evsjv fvlvi Drcwî KxfvGe nq? 2 KGiv| 3
M. DóxcGK mywgZvi weGqGZ cwiGewkZ LvG`Åi mvG^ evsjvi ˆKvb hyGMi Lv`Å N. `†kÅ-2-‰ ˆkl DwÚwUi mvG^ ˆZvgvi cvVÅcyÕ¦GKi ˆh fvlGYi BwãZ KGiGQ
ZvwjKvi mvG^ mvgémÅ iGqGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 Zv Õ¼vaxbZvi c^ DG¯ÃvPb KGi| ˆZvgvi DîGii mcGÞ hywÚ `vI| 4
N. DóxcGK ewYÆZ ˆcvkvK-cwiœQ` cÉvPxb hyGMi ˆcvkvK-cwiœQG`i AvswkK 11. Rbve wgÍÏvZ mvGne ivRvcyi MÉvGg ‰K mÁÀv¯¦ gymwjg cwievGi R¯ÃMÉnY
weeiYgvò@ weGkÏlY KGiv| 4 KGib| agÆxq welGq DœPwkÞv MÉnGYi RbÅ wZwb gaÅcÉvGPÅi ‰KwU ˆ`Gk wKQyKvj
6. `†kÅ-1: ˆmvnvb ˆUwjwfkGb cÉvPxb evsjvi ‰K ivRvi Kvwnwb ˆ`LwQj| ivRv ˆjLvcov KGib| MÉvGg wdGi wZwb eySGZ cvGib ˆh, Zuvi MÉvGgi gymjgvbiv BmjvGgi
Zvi ivRavbx cÉwZiÞvi RbÅ ‰KwU `yMÆ wbgÆvY KGib| wZwb AviI wbivcîvi RbÅ cÉK‡Z wkÞv ˆ^GK AGbK `ƒGi mGi ˆMGQ| ZvG`i gGaÅ A‹bmjvwgK ixwZbxwZ,
Mfxi I cÉkÕ¦ cwiLv Lbb KGib| KzmsÕ•vi, AbvPvi cÉGek KGiGQ| Bmjvg agÆGK KzmsÕ•vi Avi AbvPvigyÚ KiGZ
`†kÅ-2: mywg ˆUwjwfkGb cÉvPxb ˆhv«¬vG`i Qwe ˆ`LwQGjb| ˆm ˆ`Lj ‰KwU `Gji wZwb `†pcÉwZæv nb ‰es ‰ jGÞÅ wZwb ‰K agÆxq-mvgvwRK msÕ•vi AvG±`vjGbi
mƒòcvZ KGib| Aciw`GK mƒòvcyi wQj ‰KwU cÉZů¦ Açj| ˆmLvGb bvbv aiGbi
ˆmbvcwZ Zvi ˆhv«¬vG`i wewf®² Dc`j wefÚ KGi Rãjc^ w`Gq ivRÅ AvKÌgGYi mvgvwRK KzmsÕ•vi cÉPwjZ wQj| H AçGji gv-ˆevbG`i evBGi hvIqv wbGla wQj|
cwiK͸bv KGib| Zvi cwiK͸bv mdj nq ‰es ivRÅ `Lj KGi ˆbb| ZvB ˆgGqG`iGK KzmsÕ•vi I A®¬Kvi AeÕ©v ˆ^GK gyÚ Kivi RbÅ ˆkdvwj LvZzb
K. ‘evGiv f„uBqv’ ejGZ Kx ˆevSvq? 1 Zvi MÉvGg ‰KwU cÉv^wgK we`Åvjq cÉwZÓ¤v KGib|
L. wMqvmDwób BIR LjwR ˆbŒevwnbx MGo ZzGjwQGjb ˆKb? 2 K. Šmq` Avwgi Avwji weLÅvZ ‰KwU MÉG¯©i bvg ˆjGLv| 1
M. `†kÅ-1-‰ ivRvi c`GÞGci mvG^ ˆZvgvi cvVÅcyÕ¦GKi ˆKvb kvmbKZÆvi L. Ck¼iP±`Ê we`ÅvmvMiGK ˆKb evsjv MG`Åi RbK ejv nq? 2
c`GÞGci mvG^ mv`†kÅ AvGQ? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3 M. DóxcGKi 1g AsGk evsjvi BwZnvGm ˆKvb AvG±`vjbGK wbG`Æk KGi? eÅvLÅv KGiv| 3
N. `†kÅ-2-‰ weRqx ˆmbvcwZi hy«¬ ˆKŒkGj gaÅhyGMi ˆh ˆmbvcwZi hy«¬ ˆKŒkj N. DóxcGKi 2q AsGk ˆkdvwj LvZzGbi KgÆKvGíi mvG^ ˆZvgvi cvVÅcyÕ¦GKi ˆh
cÉwZdwjZ nGqGQ Zvi K‡wZZ½ gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4 eÅwÚi wgj iGhGQ bvixG`i D®²qGb Zvi f„wgKvi gƒjÅvqb KGiv| 4